illustration phaedrus allegory of chariot white black horses
  What is a liberal?  


Plato views the souls as having three powers:intellect, will and passions.  He uses the analogy of a chariot to explain.  The horses represent the concupiscent and irascible appetites - the passions.  The driver is the intellect, and the reins represent the will.  As long as the intellect controls the passions by means of the will the man goes well but when the passions dominate the intellect then there is trouble.  Spiritual combat is in part the battle between the sense appetites (also called affects or passions ) and the will directed by reason. 

St. Ignatius wrote his Spiritual Exercises as a means "to conquer oneself, organize one's life without being moved by disordered affections"

The traditional view is that one needs to control the passions by exerting the will so as to order oneself in line with the natural order of things. 

The liberal on the other hand thinks that freedom is giving free rein to  the passions, the sensible appetites, without trying to impose rational order.  

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